1 The attribution of this epithet to Philip II is presumptive based on an inscription from Diokaisareia (Diocaesarea): “Philip Philoromaios, son of king Philip, king”. See Grainger, A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer, p. 52-53 (he refers to Monumenta Asia Minoris Antiqua, Vol. III).

2 The epithet Barypous is mentioned by Johannes Malalas, Chronicle, Bk. 9; see Dobias, Φιλιππος Βαρυπους – A Contribution to the History of the Last Seleukids, p. 217. Dobias notes that an old ecclesiastical Slavonic version of Malalas’s Chronicle translates the Greek word βαρυπουν as “thick-footed”. This translation corresponds rather to the Greek παχυπουν. The word παχυπουν is better for a nickname than βαρυπουν and, from the paleographic point of view, the exchange of βαρυπουν and παχυπουν means no serious problem. On the other hand, it cannot be excluded that only the Slavonic translator used the word “thick-footed” instead of the Greek “heavy-footed”. See Dobias, ibid, p. 221, footnote 3.

3 Dobias, Φιλιππος Βαρυπους – A Contribution to the History of the Last Seleukids, pp. 225-227, suggests the following chronology:

See also Bellinger, The End of the Seleucids, pp. 82-85, and Burgess, The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress - The Rise and Fall of Cleopatra II Selene, p. 24.

4 He is mentioned as a marriage candidate for Egyptian queen Berenike IV by Eusebius, Chronicle, pp. 261-262, but Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, terminated marriage negotiations. Gabinius was proconsul of Syria since 57 BC and Berenike IV second married in the summer of 56 BC (Bennett, Egyptian Royal Genealogy: Berenice IV), so that the event mentioned by Eusebius occurred in 57 BC or at the beginning of 56 BC. Note that Eusebius is speaking about Philip I (the son of Antiochos VIII and Tryphaina), not about his son Philip II, but this is an obvious mistake (see Dobias, Φιλιππος Βαρυπους – A Contribution to the History of the Last Seleukids, pp. 218-221, for a detailed discussion).

Eusebius, Chronicle, pp. 261-262: Philippus (Philip II) whom we mentioned before (i.e. Philip I, who was a subject of the previous paragraph, but this identification is Eusebius’s mistake), the son of Grypus (Antiochos VIII) and of Tryphaena (Tryphaina) the daughter of Ptolemaeus VIII (Ptolemy VIII), was also deposed. He wanted to go to Egypt, because he too had been invited by the inhabitants of Alexandria to rule there, but Gabinius, an officer of Pompeius who was the Roman governor of Syria, stopped him from going. And so the royal dynasty in Syria came to an end with Antiochus (Antiochos XIII) and Philippus.

5 Greek: Τρυφαινα. Bennett, Egyptian Royal Genealogy: Tryphaena, notes that she is “usually called Cleopatra Tryphaena in modern sources, although there is no ancient justification for this”.