1 The nickname is also alternatively spelled Siripides. It is mentioned by Eusebius, Chronicle, pp. 255-256. See Bevan, The House of Seleucus, Vol. II, pp. 305-306 (Appendix Z), for a discussion.

Eusebius, Chronicle, pp. 255-256: In the next year, which was the third year of the 160th Olympiad (138/7 BC), he was captured by Arsaces (Arsaces VI - Mithridates I), who sent him to be held prisoner in Parthia; so he was called Nicanor (Nikator) because he had defeated Antiochus (Antiochos VI) the son of Alexander (Alexander I), and also Seripides because he was kept as a prisoner in chains.

2 Hoover, A Dedication to Aphrodite Epekoos for Demetrius I Soter and his Family

3 Livy, Periochae, 50.4: In Syria, which had until then had a king (Alexander I) who was equal to that of Macedonia in ancestry but to Prusias (Prusias II, king of Bithynia) in laziness and slowness, and who took his ease in kitchens and brothels, Hammonius (Ammonios) ruled, and he murdered all friends of the king (Demetrios I), and queen Laodice, and Demetrius’ son Antigonus.

See also Grainger, A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer, p. 49 - Laodike (12), and p. 76 - Ammonios.

4 The only son of Demetrios I who fell into the hands of Alexander I Balas, the others having been evacuated in time before the father’s final defeat (see footnote 3 and Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, 35.2, below). Grainger, A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer, p. 8, argues that Antigonos was Demetrios’ eldest son. According to Passehl, personal communication, certainly Demetrios II was older than Antiochos VII, but Greco-Makedonian nomenclature rules would suggest that Antigonos should be the youngest; see also the fact that Demetrios I kept Antigonos with him while his other boys (surely because the chief heirs) were sent off for safety to west Anatolia when the great coalition war against Demetrios I was begun.

Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, 35.2: At the commencement of the war, Demetrius (Demetrios I) had entrusted two of his sons to a friend of his at Cnidus, with a large quantity of treasure, that they might be removed from the perils of the war, and might be preserved, if fortune should so order it, to avenge their father’s death.

5 Appian, Roman History, 11.69: As soon as Seleucus (Seleukos V) assumed the diadem after his father’s (Demetrios II’s) death, his mother (Kleopatra Thea) shot him dead with an arrow, either fearing lest he should avenge his father or moved by an insane hatred for everybody.

Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, 39.1: One of his sons, Seleucus (Seleukos V), for having assumed the diadem without his mother’s (Kleopatra Thea’s) consent, was put to death by her; the other (Antiochos VIII), who, from the size of his nose was named Grypus, was made king by his mother, so far at least that the regal name should belong to him, while all the power of sovereignty was to remain with herself.

Eusebius, Chronicle, pp. 257-258: Demetrius (Demetrios II) was succeeded by his son Seleucus (Seleukos V), who died soon afterwards as a result of his mother’s (Kleopatra Thea’s) accusations.

Livy, Periochae, 60.11: A description is given of the situation in Syria, in which Cleopatra (Kleopatra Thea) first killed her husband Demetrius (Demetrios II) and then her son Seleucus (Seleukos V), because she hated him. After she had killed his father, he had accepted the diadem without her permission.

6 According to Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, 38.10, she was taken to the East by Antiochos VII on his Parthian expedition and, after his defeat, she was married to Phraates II, King of Parthia. See Bennett, Egyptian Royal Genealogy: Cleopatra Thea, for a detailed discussion.

Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, 38.10: Phraates (Phraates II) had funeral rites performed for him (Antiochos VII) as a king, and married the daughter of Demetrius (of Demetrios II), whom Antiochus had brought with him, and of whom he had become enamoured.

7 Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, 38.9: Some time after, when children that were born to him (Demetrios II) had caused him to be more trusted, he again attempted flight, with the same friend as his attendant, but was overtaken, with equal ill-fortune, near the borders of his dominions, and being again brought to the king (Phraates II), was ordered out of his sight, as a person whom he could not endure to see. But being then also spared, for the sake of his wife (Rhodogune) and children, he was remanded into Hyrcania, the country of his punishment, and presented with golden dice, as a reproach for his childish levity.