Total list of references listed at the end of each webpage.

Appian: Roman History, Book XI - The Syrian Wars. Translated by Horace White. Macmillan and Co., New York, 1899.

Electronic sources:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=App.+Syr.+1.1 ( The Perseus Digital Library )
http://www.livius.org/ap-ark/appian/appian_syriaca_00.html ( Livius.org )

Arrian: Anabasis. Translated by E. J. Chinnock, 1893.

Electronic source:
http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/intro.asp ( Alexander Sources )

Assar, Gholamreza F.: Recent Studies in Parthian History, Part I. The Celator, Vol. 14, No. 12 (December 2000), pp. 6-22.

Bellinger, Alfred R.: The End of the Seleucids. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 38, June 1949, pp. 51-102. New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Electronic source:
http://www.seleukidtraces.info/information/bellinger.html ( SeleukidTraces.info )

Bennett, Christopher J.: Egyptian Royal Genealogy. Website.

Electronic source:
http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/

Bitner, John W.: The Cornucopia - A Horn of Plenty. The Celator, Vol. 14, No. 11 (November 2000), pp. 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16.

Butcher, Kevin: Coinage in Roman Syria: Northern Syria, 64 BC - AD 253. Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication No. 34, London, 2004.

Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.: Catalogue of the auction Triton V (in conjunction with the 30th Annual New York International Numismatic Convention), January 15-16, 2002.

Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.: Catalogue of the auction Triton X (in conjunction with the 35th Annual New York International Numismatic Convention), January 9-10, 2007.

Cohen, Getzel M.: The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles / California - London / England, 2006.

Dobias, Josef: Φιλιππος Βαρυπους – A Contribution to the History of the Last Seleukids. Listy Filologické / Folia Philologica (Prague, Czech Republic / Czechoslovakia), Volume 51, 1924, pp. 214 - 227.

Electronic source:
http://www.seleukidtraces.info/information/dobias.html ( SeleukidTraces.info )

Ehling, Kay: Eine seleukidische Münzstätte in Areia (Artakoana/Alexandreia). Zu E. T. Newell ESM Nr. 727?745. Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 76 (1997), pp. 29-39.

Encyclopadia Britannica .

Electronic source:
www.britannica.com (Encyclopadia Britannica Online)

Forrer, Leonard: Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection of Greek Coins Formed by Sir Hermann Weber. Volume III, Part II. Spink & Son, London, 1929. (abbr. Forrer/Weber )

Gardner, Percy: British Museum Catalog of Greek Coins, Volume 4: Seleucid Kings of Syria. London, 1878 (reprint, Arnaldo Forni, Bologna, 1963). (abbr. BMC 4)

Gaselee, S.: Achilles Tatius. The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge / Massachusetts - London / England, 1917.

Gasparro, Giulia Sfameni: Daimôn and Tuche in Hellenistic Religious Experience. In Studies in Hellenistic Civilization, Vol. VIII – Conventional Values of the Hellenistic Greeks, pp. 67-109. Aarhus University Press, 1997.

Grainger, John D.: The Cities of Seleukid Syria. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2004 (reprint of the 1990 original edition).

Grainger, John D.: A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer. Brill, Leiden - New York - Köln, 1997.

Head, Barclay V.: Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Oxford, 1911, 2nd ed.

Electronic source:
Digital Historia Numorum, http://www.snible.org/coins/hn (Ed Snible and coworkers; Ed Snible’s website )

Hill, George Francis: Becker the Counterfeiter. Chicago, 1979 (Obol International reprint of the London 1924 original edition).

Hill, George Francis: British Museum Catalog of Greek Coins, Volume 28: Greek Coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia. Oxford University Press, 1922. (abbr. BMC 28)

Holt, Frank L.:Lost World of the Golden King. University of California Press, Berkeley - Los Angeles - London, 2012.

Hoover, Oliver D.: Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, Part II. The American Numismatic Society, New York, 2007. (abbr. CSE 2 )

Hoover, Oliver D.: The Handbook of Syrian Coins: Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC. The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Vol. 9. Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., Lancaster / Pennsylvania - London / England, 2009. (abbr. HSC )

Hoover, Oliver D.: Seleucid Bronze Coinage Production. In preparation. To be published in Seleucid Coins, A Comprehensive Catalogue. Part II.

Hoover, Oliver D.: Two Seleucid Notes: II. Laodice IV on the Bronze Coinages of Seleucus IV and Antiochus IV. American Journal of Numismatics 14 (2002), pp. 81-87.

Hopkins, Edward C. D.: Parthian Mints.

Electronic source:
http://www.parthia.com/parthia_mints.htm ( Parthia.com )

Houghton, Arthur: Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton. The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1983. (abbr. CSE )

Houghton, Arthur; Lorber, Catharine: Seleucid Coins, A Comprehensive Catalogue. Part I, Volumes 1 and 2. The American Numismatic Society, New York, in association with Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., Lancaster/London, 2002. (abbr. SC I )

Houghton, Arthur; Lorber, Catharine; Hoover, Oliver: Seleucid Coins, A Comprehensive Catalogue. Part II, Volumes 1 and 2. The American Numismatic Society, New York, in association with Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., Lancaster/London, 2008. (abbr. SC II )

Houghton, Arthur; Spaer, Arnold (with the assistance of Catharine Lorber): Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Israel I. The Arnold Spaer Collection of Seleucid Coins. Italo Vecchi Ltd., London, 1998. (abbr. SNG Spaer )

Iossif, Panagiotis; Lorber, Catharine: Celestial Iconography on the Eastern Coinage of Antiochus IV. Mesopotamia 44 (2009), pp. 129-146.

Iossif, Panagiotis; Lorber, Catharine: Laodikai and the Goddess Nikephoros. L’antiquité classique 76, 1 (2007), pp. 63-88.

Iossif, Panagiotis; Lorber, Catharine: The Elephantarches Bronze of Seleucos I Nikator. Syria 87 (2010), pp. 147-164.

Josephus, Flavius: Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston. John E. Beardsley, Auburn - Buffalo, 1895.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Justin (Marcus Junianus Justinus): Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus. Translated by Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A. George Bell and Sons, London, 1897.

Electronic source:
http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/justin/english/index.html ( Forum Romanum.org )

Kritt, Brian: The Early Seleucid Mint of Susa. Classical Numismatic Group, Lancaster, 1997.

Lane-Poole, Stanley: Coins of the Urtuki Turkumans (Foes of the Crusaders). The International Numismata Orientalia, Part II, London, 1875. Reprinted by Charles H. McSorley, Closter, New Jersey, undated (probably 1967).

Le Rider, Georges: Antioche de Syrie sous les Séleucides. Corpus des monnaies d’or et d’argent. Vol. 1: De Séleucos I a Antiochos V, c. 300-161. Institut de France, Paris, 1999. (abbr. Antioche )

Le Rider, Georges: L’atelier de Posideion et les monnaies de la fouille de Bassit en Syrie. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 110 (1986), pp. 393-408.

Electronic source:
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/bch_0007-4217_1986_num_110_1_1805

Le Rider, Georges: Monnaies grecques récemment acquises par le Cabinet des Médailles. Revue Numismatique, 6th Series - Vol. 3 (1961), pp. 7-26.

Electronic source:
Text: http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/numi_0484-8942_1961_num_6_3_1698,
Plates: http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/numi_0484-8942_1961_num_6_3_2634

Le Rider, Georges; Seyrig, Henri: Objets de la collection Louis De Clercq donnés en 1967 au Cabinet des Médailles de la Bibliotheque nationale par le comte et la comtesse Henri de Boisgelin. Revue Numismatique, 6th Series - Vol. 10 (1968), pp. 7-50.

Electronic source:
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/numi_0484-8942_1968_num_6_10_958

Leake, William Martin: A Supplement to Numismata Hellenica: A Catalogue of Greek Coins. John Murray, London, 1859. (abbr. Supplement )

Lorber, Catharine C.; Houghton, Arthur: Cappadocian Tetradrachms in the Name of Antiochus VII (with an Appendix of quantitive analyses by Petr Veselý ). Numismatic Chronicle 166 (2006), pp. 49-97.

Lura, Richard: The patina of ancient coins: an overview. The Celator, Vol. 9, No. 9 (September 1995), pp. 32-35.

1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees (Apocrypha) . The Bible, Revised Standard version.

Electronic sources:

1 Maccabees:
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Rsv1Mac.html ( Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library )
http://www.livius.org/maa-mam/maccabees/1macc01.html ( Livius.org )

2 Maccabees:
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Rsv2Mac.html ( Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library )
http://www.livius.org/maa-mam/maccabees/2macc01.html ( Livius.org )

MacDonald, George: Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunterian Collection, University of Glasgow. Volume 3. Further Asia, Northern Africa, Western Europe. Elibron Classics, Adamant Media Corporation, 2003. Replica edition of the edition published by James Maclehose and Sons, Glasgow, 1905. (abbr. Hunterian Coll. III )

McDowell, Robert Harbold: Coins from Seleucia on the Tigris. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1935. (abbr. McDowell, Seleucia)

Moore, Wayne: The divine couple of Demetrius II, Nicator, and his coinage at Nisibis. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 31 (1986), pp. 125-143.

Morkholm, Otto: A Greek coin hoard from Susiana. Acta Archaeologica, Vol. 36 (1965), pp. 127-156. (abbr. Morkholm, Susiana )

Morkholm, Otto: The Seleucid Mint at Antiochia on the Persian Gulf. ANS Museum Notes, Vol. 16 (1970), pp. 31-44. (abbr. Morkholm, Seleucid Mint )

Newell, Edward T.: Late Seleucid Mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus. The American Numismatic Society, Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 84, New York, 1939. (abbr. LSM )

Newell, Edward T.: The Coinage of the Eastern Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III. Numismatic Studies No. 1. The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1978 (reprint of the 1938 original edition with a summary of recent scholarship, additions and corrections by Otto Morkholm). (abbr. ESM )

Newell, Edward T.: The Coinage of the Western Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III. Numismatic Studies No. 4. The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1977 (reprint of the 1941 original edition with a summary of recent scholarship by Otto Morkholm). (abbr. WSM )

Newell, Edward T.: The Seleucid Mint of Antioch. Chicago, 1978 (Obol International reprint of the New York 1918 original edition). (abbr. SMA )

Numismatic Fine Arts, Inc.: Catalogue of Auction XVIII – Ancient Coins, Part I: Greek Coins & Coins of the Seleucid Kings, March 31, 1987.

Pausanias: Description of Greece. Translated by W. H. S. Jones and H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1918.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Peck, Harry Thurston: Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York. Harper and Brothers. 1898.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0062&query=toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Pliny the Elder: The Natural History. Editions and translations: John Bostock and H. T. Riley. London, 1855.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Plutarch: Demetrius. Translated by John Dryden.

Electronic source:
http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Demetrius ( 4Literature.net )

Polybios: Histories. Translated by W. R. Paton, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge / Massachusetts - London / England, 1922 - 1927.

Electronic source:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius ( William P. Thayer’s Web Site )

Polybios: Histories. Translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh. Macmillan and Co., London - New York, 1889.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Rigsby, Kent J.: Asylia. Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World. University of California Press, Berkeley - Los Angeles - London, 1996.

Rouvier, Jules: Numismatique des Villes de la Phénicie – Sidon. Journal International d’Archéologie Numismatique 5, 1902.

Russell, Paul S.: Nisibis as the background to the Life of Ephrem the Syrian. Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2 (July 2005).

Electronic source:
http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol8No2/HV8N2Russell.html ( Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies )

Samuel, Alan E.: Greek and Roman Chronology. Calendars and Years in Classical Antiquity. C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Oscar Beck), Munich, 1972.

Sayles, Wayne G.: Classical Deception: Counterfeits, Forgeries and Reproductions of Ancient Coins. Krause Publications, Iola (Wisconsin), 2001.

Seyrig, Henri: Notes on Syrian Coins. Numismatic Notes and Monographs No. 119, The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1950.

Smith, William (ed.): Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London, 1854.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064 ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Spengler, William F.; Sayles, Wayne G.: Turkoman Figural Bronze Coins and Their Iconography. Vol. I - The Artuqids. Clio’s Cabinet, Lodi (Wisconsin), 1992. (abbr. S/S )

Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; McAlister, Marian Holland (editors): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1976.

Electronic source:
http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006&query=toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Strabo: Geography. Translated and ed. by H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer. Henry G. Bohn, London, 1854 - 1857.

Strabo: Geography. Translated and ed. by H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer. William Heinemann, Ltd., London, 1924.

Electronic source:
http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Strab.+toc ( The Perseus Digital Library )

Strauss, Pierre: Un trésor de monnaies hellénistiques trouvé pres de Suse (2e partie). Revue Numismatique, Series 6, Vol. 13 (1971), pp. 109-140. (abbr. Strauss, Suse )

Sylloge Numorum Graecorum Copenhagen: The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum – Vol. 36, Syria: Cities. Copenhagen, 1959. (abbr. SNG Cop. 36)

Sylloge Numorum Graecorum Copenhagen: The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum – Supplement, Acquisitions 1942-1996. Copenhagen, 2002. (abbr. SNG Cop. Suppl. )

Sylloge Numorum Graecorum Copenhagen: The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum – Vol. 39, Parthia - India. Copenhagen, 1965. (abbr. SNG Cop. 39)

Welles, Bradford C.: Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period: A Study in Greek Epigraphy. Ares Publishers Inc., Chicago, 1974. Unchanged reprint of the edition published by Yale University Press, New Haven, 1934.

Welsh, David: Lathe Machining of Bronze Coin Flans. Published on the author’s website (retrieved April 26, 2006).

Electronic source:
http://www.classicalcoins.com/flans1.html ( Classical Coins )

Wroth, Warwick: British Museum Catalog of Greek Coins, Volume 20: Greek Coins of Galatia, Cappadocia and Syria. London, 1899 (reprint, Arnaldo Forni, Bologna, 1964). (abbr. BMC 20)

Zahle, Jan: Religious Motifs on Seleucid Coins. In Studies in Hellenistic Civilization, Vol. I – Religion and Religious Practice in the Seleucid Kingdom, pp. 125-139. Aarhus University Press, 1990, 1996.